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DFood shopping has become a dangerous pursuit.Ready-meals are packed with salt andpreservatives（防腐剂)，breakfast cereals are sweeter than chocolate bars,and processedmeats are packed with nitrite-preservatives,which can form harmful compounds when cooked.A new term is catching on to describe these nutritional bad guys:ultra-processed foods(UPFs).Just how bad are UPFs,and what do they do to us?In his new book,"Ultra-Processed People",Chris van Tulleken,a doctor and televisionpresenter,argues that UPFs dominate the food supply in rich countries,and are also creepinginto diets in low-and middle-income countries.The concept of UPFs was put forward by Carlos Monteiro,a Brazilian scientist,in 2009.His team observed that although people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil,rates of obesityand type-2 diabetes (were rising.That was because they were instead eating moresugar,fats and additives in packaged snacks and pre-made meals.UPFs often go through,many complicated industrial processes.That does not make themall unhealthy -a soya-based meat substitute can be part of a balanced meal-but thefrequent consumption of UPFs causes a series of issues.Arguably,some UPFs are more alike toindustrial products than food.There is plenty of evidence linking many ingredients in UPFs,such as sugar,,salt,and saturated fats(反式脂肪)，to negative health outcomes.Yet UPFs are cheap,tasty and abundant,and for those on a tight budget or on specificdiets,such as vegan(严格素食主义者)，there are often few available alternatives.Itispossible to eat well by selecting the right UPFs,such as whole-grain cereals.Governmentscientists at the American government's Agricultural Research Service showed it was possibleto build a healthy diet with 91%of calories from selected UPFs.But Marion Nestle,a professorof nutrition at New York University,criticised the study,saying the researchers had a conflict ofinterest through their links to the food industry.Better stay cautious in those tricky supermarketwalkways.12.How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1?A.By analyzing certain reasons.B.By comparing different views.C.By explaining the term of UPFs.D.By providing background information.13.What makes UPFs so bad for our health?A.People are addicted to them.B.UPFs contain no nutrition.C.They are packed with artificial flavors.D.They are calorie-rich,and nutrient-poor.高三英语试题第5页（共10页）